• A First Program in Java: Printing a Line of Text
• Modifying Our First Java Program
• Displaying Text with printf
• Another Java Application: Adding Integers
• Decision Making: Equality and Relational Operators

• if Single-Selection Statement
• if … else Double-Selection Statement
• while Repetition Statement
• Compound Assignment Operators
• Increment and Decrement Operators
• Primitive Types

• Essentials of Counter-Controlled Repetition
• for Repetition Statement
• Examples Using the for Statement
• do … while Repetition Statement
• switch Multiple-Selection Statement
• break and continue Statements
• Logical Operators

• Static Methods, static Fields and Class Math
• Declaring Methods with Multiple Parameters
• Notes on Declaring and Using Methods
• Method-Call Stack and Activation Records
• Argument Promotion and Casting
• Java API Packages
• Scope of Declarations
• Method Overloading

• Declaring and Creating Arrays
• Examples Using Arrays
• Enhanced for Statement
• Passing Arrays to Methods
• Multidimensional Arrays

• Classes, Objects, Methods and Instance Variables
• Declaring a Class with a Method and Instantiating an Object of a Class
• Declaring a Method with a Parameter
• Instance Variables, set Methods and get Methods
• Primitive Types vs. Reference Types
• Initializing Objects with Constructors
• Floating-Point Numbers and Type double

• Time Class
• Controlling Access to Members
• Referring to the Current Object's Members with the this Reference
• Default and No-Argument Constructors
• Composition
• Enumerations
• Garbage Collection and Method finalize
• final Instance Variables

• Superclasses and Subclasses
• Protected Members
• Relationship between Superclasses and Subclasses
• Constructors in Subclasses
• Software Engineering with Inheritance

• Polymorphism Examples
• Demonstrating Polymorphic Behavior
• Abstract Classes and Methods
• Case Study: Payroll System Using Polymorphism
• Demonstrating Polymorphic Processing, Operator instanceof and Downcasting
• Summary of the Allowed Assignments Between Superclass and Subclass Variables
• final Methods and Classes
• Case Study: Creating and Using Interfaces
• Declaring Constants with Interfaces
• Common Interfaces of the Java API

• Exception-Handling Overview
• Example: Divide by Zero without Exception Handling
• Example: Handling ArithmeticExceptions and InputMismatchExceptions
• When to Use Exception Handling
• Java Exception Hierarchy
• finally Block
• Stack Unwinding
• printStackTrace , getStackTrace and getMessage
• Chained Exceptions
• Declaring New Exception Types
• Assertions

• Collections Overview
• Class Arrays
• ArrayList class and Iterators
• Sets
• Maps

• Manipulating URLs
• Reading a File on a Web Server
• Establishing a Simple Server Using Stream Sockets
• Establishing a Simple Client Using Stream Sockets
• Client/Server Interaction with Stream Socket Connections
• Connectionless Client/Server Interaction with Datagrams

• Relational Databases
• Relational Database Overview: The books Database
• SQL
• Basic SELECT Query
• WHERE Clause
• ORDER BY Clause
• Merging Data from Multiple Tables: INNER JOIN
• INSERT Statement
• UPDATE Statement
• DELETE Statement
• Instructions for installing MySQL and MySQL Connector/J
• Instructions for Setting Up a MySQL User Account
• Connecting to and Querying a Database
• Querying in the Database
• PreparedStatements
• Stored Procedures
• Transaction Processing

•  Downloading, Installing and Configuring Eclipse and the Sun Java System Application Server
•  Simple HTTP Transactions
•  Multitier Application Architecture
•  Java Web Technologies
•  Servlets
•  JavaServer Pages
•  JavaServer Faces
•  Web Technologies in Eclipse
•  Creating and Running a Simple Application in Eclipse
•  Examining a JSP File
•  Examining a Page Bean File
•  Event-Processing Life Cycle
•  Relationship Between the JSP and Page Bean Files
•  Examining the XHTML Generated by a Java Web Application
•  Building a Web Application in Eclipse
•  JSF Components
•  Text and Graphics Components
•  Validation Using Validator Components and Custom Validators

• Java Web Services Basics
• Creating, Publishing, Testing and Describing a Web Service
• Creating a Web Application Project and Adding a Web Service Class in Eclipse
• Defining a Web Service in Eclipse
• Publishing a Web Service from Eclipse
• Testing a Web Service with Sun Java System Application Server’s Tester Web page
• Describing a Web Service with the Web Service Description Language (WSDL)
• Consuming a Web Service
• Creating a Client in Eclipse to Consume an already built Web Service
• Consuming the Web Service
• SOAP
• Session Tracking in Web Services
• Consuming a Database-Driven Web Service from a Web Application
• Configuring Java DB in Eclipse and creating a sample Database
• Creating a Web Application to Interact with the Web Service built above
• Passing an Object of a User-Defined Type to a Web Service

• Accessing Databases in Web Applications
• Building a Web Application that Displays Data from a Database
• Modifying the Page Bean File for a simple application built
• Ajax-Enabled JSF Components
• Java BluePrints Component Library
• AutoComplete Text Field and Virtual Forms
• Configuring Virtual Forms
• JSP File with Virtual Forms and an AutoComplete Text Field
• Providing Suggestions for an AutoComplete Text Field
• Using the Google Maps Map Viewer Component in a Web Application

Configure and verify VLANs (normal range) spanning multiple switches

• Access ports (data and voice)
• Default VLAN
• InterVLAN connectivity

Configure and verify interswitch connectivity

• Trunk ports
• 802.1Q
• Native VLAN

Interpret the components of routing table

• Routing protocol code
• Prefix
• Network mask
• Next hop
• Administrative distance
• Metric
• Gateway of last resort

Determine how a router makes a forwarding decision by default

• Longest match
• Administrative distance
• Routing protocol metric

Configure and verify IPv4 and IPv6 static routing

• Default route
• Network route
• Host route
• Floating static

Configure and verify single area OSPFv2

• Neighbor adjacencies
• Point-to-point
• Broadcast (DR/BDR selection)
• Router ID

Describe the purpose, functions, and concepts of first hop redundancy protocols

Configure and verify inside source NAT using static and pools

Configure and verify NTP operating in a client and server mode

Explain the role of DHCP and DNS within the network

Explain the function of SNMP in network operations

Describe the use of syslog features including facilities and levels

Configure and verify DHCP client and relay

Explain the forwarding per-hop behavior (PHB) for QoS such as classification, marking, queuing, congestion, policing, shaping

Configure network devices for remote access using SSH

Describe the capabilities and function of TFTP/FTP in the network

Define key security concepts (threats, vulnerabilities, exploits, and mitigation techniques)

Describe security program elements (user awareness, training, and physical access control)

Configure and verify device access control using local passwords

Describe security password policies elements, such as management, complexity, and password alternatives (multifactor authentication, certificates, and biometrics)

Describe IPsec remote access and site-to-site VPNs

Configure and verify access control lists

Configure Layer 2 security features (DHCP snooping, dynamic ARP inspection, and port security)

Differentiate authentication, authorization, and accounting concepts

Describe wireless security protocols (WPA, WPA2, and WPA3)

Configure WLAN using WPA2 PSK using the GUI

Explain how automation impacts network management

Compare traditional networks with controller-based networking

Describe controller-based and software defined architectures (overlay, underlay, and fabric)

Separation of control plane and data plane

North-bound and south-bound APIs

Compare traditional campus device management with Cisco DNA Center enabled device management

Describe characteristics of REST-based APIs (CRUD, HTTP verbs, and data encoding)

Recognize the capabilities of configuration management mechanisms Puppet, Chef, and Ansible

Interpret JSON encoded data

2.1 Describe and verify switching concepts

2.2 Interpret Ethernet frame format2.3 Troubleshoot interface and cable issues (collisions, errors, duplex, speed)

2.4 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot VLANs (normal range) spanning multiple switches

3.1 Describe the routing concepts

3.2 Interpret the components of routing table

3.3 Describe how a routing table is populated by different routing information sources

3.3.a Admin distance

3.4 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot inter-VLAN routing

3.4.a Router on a stick

3.5 Compare and contrast static routing and dynamic routing

3.6 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv4 and IPv6 static routing

3.7 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot RIPv2 for IPv4 (excluding authentication, filtering, manual summarization, redistribution)

4.1 Describe DNS lookup operation

4.2 Troubleshoot client connectivity issues involving DNS

4.3 Configure and verify DHCP on a router (excluding static reservations)

4.3.d TFTP, DNS, and gateway options

4.4 Troubleshoot client- and router-based DHCP connectivity issues

4.5 Configure and verify NTP operating in client/server mode

4.6 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv4 standard numbered and named access list for routed interfaces

4.7 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot inside source NAT

5.1 Configure and verify device-monitoring using syslog

5.2 Configure and verify device management

5.3 Configure and verify initial device configuration

5.4 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic device hardening

5.5 Perform device maintenance

5.5.a Cisco IOS upgrades and recovery (SCP, FTP, TFTP, and MD5 verify)

5.5.b Password recovery and configuration register

5.5.c File system management

5.6 Use Cisco IOS tools to troubleshoot and resolve problems

106.1 Install and configure X11

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to install and configure X11.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understanding of the X11 architecture.
• Basic understanding and knowledge of the X Window configuration file.
• Overwrite specific aspects of Xorg configuration, such as keyboard layout.
• Understand the components of desktop environments, such as display managers and
• window managers.
• Manage access to the X server and display applications on remote X servers.
• Awareness of Wayland.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• /etc/X11/xorg.conf
• /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/
• ~/.xsession-errors
• xhost
• xauth
• DISPLAY
• X

106.2 Graphical Desktops

Weight: 1

Description: Candidates should be aware of major Linux desktops. Furthermore,

candidates should be aware of protocols used to access remote desktop sessions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Awareness of major desktop environments
• Awareness of protocols to access remote desktop sessions
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• KDE
• Gnome
• Xfce
• X11
• XDMCP
• VNC
• Spice
• RDP

106.3 Accessibility

Weight: 1

Description: Demonstrate knowledge and awareness of accessibility technologies.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Basic knowledge of visual settings and themes.
• Basic knowledge of assistive technology.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• High Contrast/Large Print Desktop Themes.
• Screen Reader.
• Braille Display.
• Screen Magnifier.
• On-Screen Keyboard.
• Sticky/Repeat keys.
• Slow/Bounce/Toggle keys.
• Mouse keys.
• Voice recognition.

107.1 Manage user and group accounts and related system files

Weight: 5

Description: Candidates should be able to add, remove, suspend and change user

accounts.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Add, modify and remove users and groups.
• Manage user/group info in password/group databases.
• Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• /etc/passwd
• /etc/shadow
• /etc/group
• /etc/skel/
• chage
• getent
• groupadd
• groupdel
• groupmod
• passwd
• useradd
• userdel
• usermod

107.2 Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to use cron and systemd timers to run jobs at

regular intervals and to use at to run jobs at a specific time.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Manage cron and at jobs.
• Configure user access to cron and at services.
• Understand systemd timer units.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• /etc/cron.{d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}/
• /etc/at.deny
• /etc/at.allow
• /etc/crontab
• /etc/cron.allow
• /etc/cron.deny
• /var/spool/cron/
• crontab
• at
• atq
• atrm
• systemctl
• systemd-run

107.3 Localisation and internationalisation

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to localize a system in a different language than

English. As well, an understanding of why LANG=C is useful when scripting.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Configure locale settings and environment variables.
• Configure timezone settings and environment variables.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• /etc/timezone
• /etc/localtime
• /usr/share/zoneinfo/
• LC_*
• LC_ALL
• LANG
• TZ
• /usr/bin/locale
• tzselect
• timedatectl
• date
• iconv
• UTF-8
• ISO-8859
• ASCII
• Unicode

108.1 Maintain system time

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to properly maintain the system time and

synchronize the clock via NTP.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Set the system date and time.
• Set the hardware clock to the correct time in UTC.
• Configure the correct timezone.
• Basic NTP configuration using ntpd and chrony.
• Knowledge of using the pool.ntp.org service.
• Awareness of the ntpq command.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• /usr/share/zoneinfo/
• /etc/timezone
• /etc/localtime
• /etc/ntp.conf
• /etc/chrony.conf
• date
• hwclock
• timedatectl
• ntpd
• ntpdate
• chronyc
• ntp.org

108.2 System logging

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to configure rsyslog. This objective also includes

configuring the logging daemon to send log output to a central log server or accept log

output as a central log server. Use of the systemd journal subsystem is covered. Also,

awareness of syslog and syslog-ng as alternative logging systems is included.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Basic configuration of rsyslog.
• Understanding of standard facilities, priorities and actions.
• Query the systemd journal.
• Filter systemd journal data by criteria such as date, service or priority.
• Configure persistent systemd journal storage and journal size.
• Delete old systemd journal data.
• Retrieve systemd journal data from a rescue system or file system copy.
• Understand interaction of rsyslog with systemd-journald.
• Configuration of logrotate.
• Awareness of syslog and syslog-ng.
• Terms and Utilities:
• /etc/rsyslog.conf
• /var/log/
• logger
• logrotate
• /etc/logrotate.conf
• /etc/logrotate.d/
• journalctl
• systemd-cat
• /etc/systemd/journald.conf
• /var/log/journal/

108.3 Mail Transfer Agent (MTA) basics

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be aware of the commonly available MTA programs and be

able to perform basic forward and alias configuration on a client host. Other configuration

files are not covered.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Create e-mail aliases.
• Configure e-mail forwarding.
• Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, exim) (no
• configuration).

Terms and Utilities:

• ~/.forward
• sendmail emulation layer commands
• newaliases
• mail
• mailq
• postfix
• sendmail
• exim

108.4 Manage printers and printing

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to manage print queues and user print jobs using

CUPS and the LPD compatibility interface.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers).
• Manage user print queues.
• Troubleshoot general printing problems.
• Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• CUPS configuration files, tools and utilities
• /etc/cups/
• lpd legacy interface (lpr, lprm, lpq)

109.1 Fundamentals of internet protocols

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should demonstrate a proper understanding of TCP/IP network

fundamentals.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Demonstrate an understanding of network masks and CIDR notation.
• Knowledge of the differences between private and public "dotted quad" IP addresses.
• Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports and services (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53,
• 80, 110, 123, 139, 143, 161, 162, 389, 443, 465, 514, 636, 993, 995).
• Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP.
• Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6.
• Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• /etc/services
• IPv4, IPv6
• Subnetting
• TCP, UDP, ICMP

109.2 Persistent network configuration

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to manage the persistent network configuration of a Linux host.

• Key Knowledge Areas:
• Understand basic TCP/IP host configuration.
• Configure ethernet and wi-fi network configuration using NetworkManager.
• Awareness of systemd-networkd.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/hostname
• /etc/hosts
• /etc/nsswitch.conf
• /etc/resolv.conf
• nmcli
• hostnamectl
• ifup
• ifdown

 109.3 Basic network troubleshooting

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to troubleshoot networking issues on client hosts.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Manually configure network interfaces, including viewing and changing the
• configuration of network interfaces using iproute2.
• Manually configure routing, including viewing and changing routing tables and setting
• the default route using iproute2.
• Debug problems associated with the network configuration.
• Awareness of legacy net-tools commands.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• ip
• hostname
• ss
• ping
• ping6
• traceroute
• traceroute6
• tracepath
• tracepath6
• netcat
• ifconfig
• netstat
• route

109.4 Configure client side DNS

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to configure DNS on a client host.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Query remote DNS servers.
• Configure local name resolution and use remote DNS servers.
• Modify the order in which name resolution is done.
• Debug errors related to name resolution.
• Awareness of systemd-resolved.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• /etc/hosts
• /etc/resolv.conf
• /etc/nsswitch.conf
• host
• dig
• getent

110.1 Perform security administration tasks

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should know how to review system configuration to ensure host

security in accordance with local security policies.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set.
• Set or change user passwords and password aging information.
• Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system.
• Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage.
• Determine which users have logged in to the system or are currently logged in.
• Basic sudo configuration and usage.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• find
• passwd
• fuser
• lsof
• nmap
• chage
• netstat
• sudo
• /etc/sudoers
• su
• usermod
• ulimit
• who, w, last

110.2 Setup host security

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should know how to set up a basic level of host security.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Awareness of shadow passwords and how they work.
• Turn off network services not in use.
• Understand the role of TCP wrappers.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• /etc/nologin
• /etc/passwd
• /etc/shadow
• /etc/xinetd.d/
• /etc/xinetd.conf
• socket
• /etc/inittab
• /etc/init.d/
• /etc/hosts.allow
• /etc/hosts.deny

110.3 Securing data with encryption

Weight: 4

Description: The candidate should be able to use public key techniques to secure data and

communication.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Perform basic OpenSSH 2 client configuration and usage.
• Understand the role of OpenSSH 2 server host keys.
• Perform basic GnuPG configuration, usage and revocation.
• Use GPG to encrypt, decrypt, sign and verify files.
• Understand SSH port tunnels (including X11 tunnels).

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ssh
• ssh-keygen
• ssh-agent
• ssh-add
• ~/.ssh/id_rsa and id_rsa.pub
• ~/.ssh/id_dsa and id_dsa.pub
• ~/.ssh/id_ecdsa and id_ecdsa.pub
• ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 and id_ed25519.pub
• /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key and ssh_host_rsa_key.pub
• /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key and ssh_host_dsa_key.pub
• /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key and ssh_host_ecdsa_key.pub
• /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key and ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub
• ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
• ssh_known_hosts
• gpg
• gpg-agent
• ~/.gnupg/

2.1 Google AdWords

2.1.1 Introduction to Google AdWords and Google Networks

2.1.2 Google Search Network

2.1.3 Google Display Network

2.1.4 Being Google certified (Google Partner)

2.2 Introduction to AdWords Dashboard

2.3 Understanding how AdWords is organized

2.3.1 Account Layer, Campaign Layer, Ad groups Layer, Ads

2.4 Payment Methods

2.4.1 Bid vs Budget

2.4.2 Cost per Click (CPC), Cost per thousand Impression (CPM), Cost per Acquisition (CPA)

2.5 Creating your first Campaign

2.5.1 Creating a Google Search Campaign

2.5.2 Creating a Google Search with Display Select Campaign

2.5.3 Understanding Keywords and Keyword Types

2.6 Choosing your Keywords (keyword planner tool and other tools)

2.6.1 Targeting your territory, language, topic etc.

2.6.2 Understanding and Writing Ad Headline 1, Headline 2 and Description

2.7 Google Ranking

2.7.1 Google Quality Score (QS)

2.7.2 CTR (Click Through Rate)

2.7.3 ROI/ROAS etc.

2.8 AdWords Statistics

2.8.1 Generating Custom Reports

2.9 Google AdSense

2.9.1 Introduction to Google AdSense

2.9.2 How can we generate money through AdSense?

2.10 Creating an account

2.10.1 Criteria’s to qualify as a part of AdSense network

2.10.2 Applying to connect your website/blog with AdSense

2.11 Google Analytics

2.11.1 Introduction to Google Analytics

2.11.2 Understanding basics of GA: Visitors/Visits/Pageviews/Bounce Rate

2.12 Creating an account

2.12.1 Creating an account in GA platform and configuring your website to measure

traffic through a plugin.

2.12.2 Introduction to Google Analytics dashboard

2.12.3 Viewing Real Time and Audience Statistics for your website/blog

2.12.4 Understanding Analytics Layers: Account Layer, Property Layer, View Layer

2.12.5 Creating Goals and Filters for your website

2.12.6 Generating Custom Reports for a chosen period of time.

2.13 SEO (Search Engine Optimization)

2.13.1 Introduction to SEO, the pros and cons

2.13.2 Best SEO strategy

2.14 SEO Setup for your website

2.14.1 Building SEO Snippets for every page or post on your website through a

plugin

2.14.2Configuring Yoast SEO

2.14.3 Understanding headlines, keywords and description

2.14.4 Keyword searches

2.14.5 Site Audits

2.14.6 Ranking factors

2.14.7 URL structure

3.1 Installing Photoshop with crack

3.2 Introduction to Photoshop:

3.2.1 Application Frame Customization

3.2.2 Tools Panel

3.2.3 Control Panel for each tool

3.2.4 Background and Foreground Colors

3.2.5 Zoom Tool

3.3 Workspace Customization/ Adding and Resetting your own workspace

3.4 Raster Images:

3.4.1 Image size

3.4.2 Resolution

3.4.3 Dimensions

3.4.4 Canvas size

3.4.5 Images mode (RGB/CMYK)

3.4.6 File Types (.PSD, .jpeg, .png, .pdf)

3.5 Working with Layers:

3.5.1 Layer Types

3.5.2 Visibility

3.5.3 Transparency

3.5.4 Hierarchy

3.5.5 Create a new layer/delete

3.5.6 Rename a layer

3.5.7 Group layers/ Layer Colors

3.5.8 Lock Layers

3.5.9 Link Layers

3.6 Tools:

3.6.1 Move Tool

3.6.2 Selection Tool

3.6.3 Eyedropper Tool

3.6.4 Image Adjustments: (Crop Tool, Marque Tool, Paint bucket Tool, Lasso

Tool, Magic Wand Tool, Gradient Tool)

3.6.5 Brush Tool (Create and save your own custom brush)

3.6.6 Image Retouching: (Spot Healing Brush Tool, Patch Tool, Healing Brush

Tool, Red Eye Tool, Clone Stamp Tool, Blur/Sharpen/Smudge Tool, Dodge/

Burn Tool)

3.6.7 Pen Tool

3.6.8 Horizontal/ Vertical Type Tool

3.7 Others: (Retouching Images)

3.7.1 Layer Styles/ Blending Options

3.7.2 Filters/ Filter Gallery

3.7.3 Image mode/adjustments

3.7.4 Camera Raw

3.8 Using Photoshop

3.8.1 Creating a Website banner from scratch (Image + Color Overlay + Text

layer/Slogan + Logo + Button)

3.8.2 Creating a Homepage website mockup in .PSD + Contact page mockup

3.8.3 Creating a Google Image ad in .PSD

3.8.4 Creating Facebook banner in .PSD

3.8.5 Creating a Newsletter popup for your website in .PSD

102.1 Design hard disk layout

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to design a disk partitioning scheme for a Linux

system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Allocate filesystems and swap space to separate partitions or disks.
• Tailor the design to the intended use of the system.
• Ensure the /boot partition conforms to the hardware architecture requirements for
• Knowledge of basic features of LVM.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• / (root) filesystem
• /var filesystem
• /home filesystem
• /boot filesystem
• EFI System Partition (ESP)
• swap space
• mount points
• partitions

102.2 Install a boot manager

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to select, install and configure a boot manager.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Providing alternative boot locations and backup boot options.
• Install and configure a boot loader such as GRUB Legacy.
• Perform basic configuration changes for GRUB 2.
• Interact with the boot loader.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• lst, grub.cfg and grub.conf
• grub-install
• grub-mkconfig
• MBR

102.3 Manage shared libraries

Weight: 1

Description: Candidates should be able to determine the shared libraries that executable

programs depend on and install them when necessary.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Identify shared libraries.
• Identify the typical locations of system libraries.
• Load shared libraries.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• ldd
• ldconfig
• /etc/ld.so.conf
• LD_LIBRARY_PATH

102.4 Use Debian package management

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to perform package management using the Debian

package tools.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Install, upgrade and uninstall Debian binary packages.
• Find packages containing specific files or libraries which may or may not be installed.
• Obtain package information like version, content, dependencies, package integrity
• and installation status (whether or not the package is installed).
• Awareness of apt.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• /etc/apt/sources.list
• dpkg
• dpkg-reconfigure
• apt-get
• apt-cache

102.5 Use RPM and YUM package management

Weight 3

Description: Candidates should be able to perform package management using RPM, YUM

and Zypper.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Install, re-install, upgrade and remove packages using RPM, YUM and Zypper.
• Obtain information on RPM packages such as version, status, dependencies, integrity
• and signatures.
• Determine what files a package provides, as well as find which package a specific file
• comes from.
• Awareness of dnf.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• rpm
• rpm2cpio
• /etc/yum.conf
• /etc/yum.repos.d/
• yum
• zypper

102.6 Linux as a virtualization guest

Weight: 1

Description: Candidates should understand the implications of virtualization and cloud

computing on a Linux guest system.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand the general concept of virtual machines and containers.
• Understand common elements virtual machines in an IaaS cloud, such as computing
• instances, block storage and networking.
• Understand unique properties of a Linux system which have to changed when a
• system is cloned or used as a template.
• Understand how system images are used to deploy virtual machines, cloud instances
• and containers.
• Understand Linux extensions which integrate Linux with a virtualization product.
• Awareness of cloud-init.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• Virtual machine
• Linux container
• Application container
• Guest drivers
• SSH host keys
• D-Bus machine id

103.1 Work on the command line

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to interact with shells and commands using the

command line. The objective assumes the Bash shell.

• Key Knowledge Areas:
• Use single shell commands and one line command sequences to perform basic tasks
• on the command line.
• Use and modify the shell environment including defining, referencing and exporting
• environment variables.
• Use and edit command history.
• Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• bash
• echo
• env
• export
• pwd
• set
• unset
• type
• which
• man
• uname
• history
• .bash_history
• Quoting

103.2 Process text streams using filters

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to apply filters to text streams.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• bzcat
• cat
• cut
• head
• less
• md5sum
• nl
• od
• paste
• sed
• sha256sum
• sha512sum
• sort
• split
• tail
• tr
• uniq
• wc
• xzcat
• zcat 

103.3 Perform basic file management

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to use the basic Linux commands to manage files

and directories.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Copy, move and remove files and directories individually.
• Copy multiple files and directories recursively.
• Remove files and directories recursively.
• Use simple and advanced wildcard specifications in commands.
• Using find to locate and act on files based on type, size, or time.
• Usage of tar, cpio and dd.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• cp
• find
• mkdir
• mv
• ls
• rm
• rmdir
• touch
• tar
• cpio
• dd
• file
• gzip
• gunzip
• bzip2
• bunzip2
• xz
• unxz
• file globbing 

103.4 Use streams, pipes and redirects

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to redirect streams and connect them in order to

efficiently process textual data. Tasks include redirecting standard input, standard output

and standard error, piping the output of one command to the input of another command,

using the output of one command as arguments to another command and sending output to

both stdout and a file.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Redirecting standard input, standard output and standard error.
• Pipe the output of one command to the input of another command.
• Use the output of one command as arguments to another command.
• Send output to both stdout and a file.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• tee
• xargs

103.5 Create, monitor and kill processes

Weight: 4

Description: Candidates should be able to perform basic process management.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Run jobs in the foreground and background.
• Signal a program to continue running after logout.
• Monitor active processes.
• Select and sort processes for display.
• Send signals to processes.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• &
• bg
• fg
• jobs
• kill
• nohup
• ps
• top
• free
• uptime
• pgrep
• pkill
• killall
• watch
• screen
• tmux

103.6 Modify process execution priorities

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should should be able to manage process execution priorities.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Know the default priority of a job that is created.
• Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default.
• Change the priority of a running process.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• nice
• ps
• renice
• top

103.7 Search text files using regular expressions

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to manipulate files and text data using regular

expressions. This objective includes creating simple regular expressions containing several

notational elements as well as understanding the differences between basic and extended

regular expressions. It also includes using regular expression tools to perform searches

through a filesystem or file content.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Create simple regular expressions containing several notational elements.
• Understand the differences between basic and extended regular expressions.
• Understand the concepts of special characters, character classes, quantifiers and
• Use regular expression tools to perform searches through a filesystem or file content.
• Use regular expressions to delete, change and substitute text.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• grep
• egrep
• fgrep
• sed
• regex(7)

103.8 Basic file editing

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to edit text files using vi. This objective includes vi

navigation, vi modes, inserting, editing, deleting, copying and finding text. It also includes

awareness of other common editors and setting the default editor.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Navigate a document using vi.
• Understand and use vi modes.
• Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text in vi.
• Awareness of Emacs, nano and vim.
• Configure the standard editor.

Terms and Utilities:

• vi
• /, ?
• h,j,k,l
• i, o, a
• d, p, y, dd, yy
• ZZ, :w!, :q!
• EDITOR

104.1 Create partitions and filesystems

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to configure disk partitions and then create

filesystems on media such as hard disks. This includes the handling of swap partitions.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Manage MBR and GPT partition tables
• Use various mkfs commands to create various filesystems such as:
• ext2/ext3/ext4
• XFS
• VFAT
• exFAT
• Basic feature knowledge of Btrfs, including multi-device filesystems, compression
• and subvolumes.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• fdisk
• gdisk
• parted
• mkfs
• mkswap 

104.2 Maintain the integrity of filesystems

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to maintain a standard filesystem, as well as the

extra data associated with a journaling filesystem.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Verify the integrity of filesystems.
• Monitor free space and inodes.
• Repair simple filesystem problems.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• du
• df
• fsck
• e2fsck
• mke2fs
• tune2fs
• xfs_repair
• xfs_fsr
• xfs_db

104.3 Control mounting and unmounting of filesystems

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to configure the mounting of a filesystem.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Manually mount and unmount filesystems.
• Configure filesystem mounting on bootup.
• Configure user mountable removable filesystems.
• Use of labels and UUIDs for identifying and mounting file systems.
• Awareness of systemd mount units.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• /etc/fstab
• /media/
• mount
• umount
• blkid
• lsblk

104.5 Manage file permissions and ownership

Weight: 3

Description: Candidates should be able to control file access through the proper use of

permissions and ownerships.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Manage access permissions on regular and special files as well as directories.
• Use access modes such as suid, sgid and the sticky bit to maintain security.
• Know how to change the file creation mask.
• Use the group field to grant file access to group members.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• chmod
• umask
• chown
• chgrp

104.6 Create and change hard and symbolic links

Weight: 2

Description: Candidates should be able to create and manage hard and symbolic links to a file.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Create links.
• Identify hard and/or soft links.
• Copying versus linking files.
• Use links to support system administration tasks.
• The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
• ln
• ls
• 7 Find system files and place files in the correct location
• Weight: 2
• Description: Candidates should be thoroughly familiar with the Filesystem Hierarchy
• Standard (FHS), including typical file locations and directory classifications.

Key Knowledge Areas:

• Understand the correct locations of files under the FHS.
• Find files and commands on a Linux system.
• Know the location and purpose of important file and directories as defined in the FHS.

The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:

• find
• locate
• updatedb
• whereis
• which
• type
• /etc/updatedb.conf

• Routers Cisco SDM
• AAA on a Cisco Router Using the
• Local Database and on Secure ACS Secure Management/Reporting
• Locking Down the Router

• Static Packet Filters Using ACLs
• Cisco IOS Zone-Based Policy
• Firewall

• Symmetric Encryption
• Examining Cryptographic Hashes and Digital Signatures Asymmetric Encryption and PKI
• IPsec Fundamentals
• Site-to-Site IPsec VPN
• IPsec on a Site-to-Site VPN Using
• Cisco SDM

• Using Cisco SDM

• SAN Security
• Voice Security
• Layer 2 Attacks